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Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Quantitative Immunohistochemistry of the Cellular Microenvironment in Patient Glioblastoma Resections

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Published on: July 31, 2017

DNA Hydroxymethylation in High-Grade Gliomas.

Angelika Stapińska-Syniec¹, Marta Grabiec², Marcin Rylski^2,3

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Instytut Psychiatrii i Neurologii, Warsaw, Poland.

Journal of Neurological Surgery. Part A, Central European Neurosurgery

|December 6, 2021

Summary

DNA hydroxymethylation, specifically 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) and TET enzymes, is crucial in high-grade gliomas. Reduced 5-hmC levels correlate with poor survival in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients.

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Published on: January 9, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuro-oncology
Epigenetics
Cancer Genomics

Background:

The 2016 WHO classification of nervous system tumors integrates molecular and genetic markers with histopathology for glioma diagnosis.
Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, are increasingly recognized for their role in gene expression regulation during carcinogenesis.
Understanding these epigenetic alterations is vital for advancing glioma classification and treatment strategies.

Approach:

This review synthesizes current knowledge on DNA hydroxymethylation in human high-grade gliomas (WHO grades III and IV).
It examines the correlation between DNA hydroxymethylation patterns and patient survival outcomes in glioblastoma multiforme.
The review focuses on the expression levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) and ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes in gliomas.

Key Points:

Reduced expression of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) and TET enzymes is frequently observed in high-grade gliomas compared to normal brain tissue.
Lower levels of 5-hmC are significantly associated with poorer survival rates in glioblastoma multiforme patients.
Conversely, higher expression of the TET3 enzyme is linked to a better prognosis in GBM patients, highlighting its potential as a predictive biomarker.

Conclusions:

DNA hydroxymethylation plays a significant role in the molecular diagnostics and prognostic assessment of human gliomas.
The findings underscore the relevance of epigenetic markers for estimating patient survival and predicting treatment response.
Further research into these epigenetic mechanisms could lead to the development of novel targeted therapies for high-grade gliomas.