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Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform
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Why Do Antibiotics Exist?

Fabrizio Spagnolo1, Monica Trujillo2, John J Dennehy1,3

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Microbes have naturally managed antibiotic resistance for millennia, unlike humans. A new "secret society" hypothesis suggests a paired relationship between antibiotic production and resistance explains this longevity.

Keywords:
antibiotic resistancecommunity assemblycooperationevolution

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health crisis, threatening a post-antibiotic era.
  • Clinically approved antibiotics have short effective lifespans due to rapidly evolving resistance.
  • Microbial antibiotic resistance has persisted for millennia without posing an existential threat.

Observation:

  • Resistance genes are widespread in nature, coexisting with antibiotic-producing microbes.
  • Human antibiotic use leads to high resistance frequencies.
  • Microbial antibiotic production and resistance appear to be intricately linked.

Findings:

  • The context of antibiotic production and usage by microbes is crucial for managing resistance.
  • Antibiotic synthesis and resistance function as a paired system, influencing microbial communities.
  • The "secret society" hypothesis proposes an ecological mechanism for antibiotic longevity in nature.

Implications:

  • Understanding microbial strategies can inform new approaches to combatting antibiotic resistance.
  • Ecological principles may offer solutions to the antibiotic resistance crisis.
  • This research re-frames antibiotic resistance as an ecologically regulated phenomenon.