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Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

Published on: August 18, 2023

Hand Motion Analysis Illustrates Differences When Drilling Cadaveric and Printed Temporal Bone.

Jordan B Hochman^1,2, Justyn Pisa^1,2,3, Katrice Kazmerik^1,4

¹Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.

The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology

|December 7, 2021

Summary

3D-printed temporal bone models show significant differences in trainee drill motion patterns compared to cadavers. Shorter, more curved strokes were observed in printed models, potentially impacting surgical skill development.

Keywords:

3D bone hand motion printed temporal

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Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Medical Education Technology

Background:

Temporal bone simulation is increasingly used in surgical education.
Existing haptic models show motion pattern differences compared to cadavers, raising concerns about maladaptive skill development.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if trainee drill motion patterns differ between 3D-printed temporal bone models and cadavers.
To assess the potential impact on surgical skill acquisition.

Main Methods:

Resident surgeons performed dissections on 3D-printed temporal bones and cadavers.
A magnetic position tracking system recorded drill position and orientation.
K-cos metrics analyzed drill stroke duration, curvature, and length.

Main Results:

No significant difference in drill stroke frequency was found (cadaveric=1.36/s, printed=1.50/s).
Printed bone dissection showed significantly shorter stroke duration (printed=0.16s vs. cadaveric=0.37s) and a higher percentage of curved strokes (printed=67% vs. cadaveric=31%).
Junior staff exhibited more short and curved strokes than senior staff.

Conclusions:

Significant differences in hand motions exist between 3D-printed and cadaveric temporal bone simulations.
These dissimilarities suggest that 3D-printed models may not be optimal as the primary training tool.
Further research is needed to clarify the clinical significance of these motion pattern differences.