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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem
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Extracellular vesicles: Their functions in plant-pathogen interactions.

Qingfeng Zhou1, Kang Ma1, Huanhuan Hu2

  • 1College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China.

Molecular Plant Pathology
|December 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate plant-pathogen interactions. Plant EVs can reduce fungal virulence, while bacterial EVs activate plant immunity through specific signaling pathways.

Keywords:
effector-triggered immunityexosomeextracellular vesiclespathogen-associated molecular patterns-triggered immunityplantplant diseasesystemic acquired resistance

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Microbiology
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles secreted by cells, involved in intercellular communication and functions like cancer progression in mammals.
  • Plant EVs, despite plant cell walls, are increasingly recognized for their roles in plant-pathogen interactions.
  • Research on plant EVs has historically lagged behind mammalian EVs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of extracellular vesicles in plant-pathogen interactions.
  • To highlight key molecules within plant EVs, such as small RNAs and proteins.
  • To emphasize the signaling pathways activated by bacterial EVs in plants.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent findings in plant EV research.
  • Analysis of molecular cargo (sRNAs, proteins, small molecules) within plant and bacterial EVs.
  • Examination of signaling pathways involved in plant immune responses to EVs.

Main Results:

  • Plant EVs contain small RNAs and defense proteins, potentially reducing pathogen virulence upon uptake by fungi.
  • Bacterial EVs carry effectors and small molecules that trigger plant immune responses.
  • These responses involve pattern-recognition receptor-mediated pathways, BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE, SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1, and salicylic acid signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular vesicles play a critical dual role in plant-pathogen interactions, influencing both plant immunity and pathogen virulence.
  • The molecular cargo of EVs dictates their functional outcomes in plant defense and disease.
  • Further research into plant EVs is crucial for understanding plant immunity and developing novel agricultural strategies.