[Forward directions for targeted treatment of urothelial tumors]

Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard therapy for inoperable, locally advanced, or metastatic urothelial tumors. Although the initial response rate with combination chemotherapy is very high, the median survival is approximately 15 months. Secondary chemotherapy has had modest clinical benefit and toxicity, with the breakthrough coming from the introduction of checkpoint inhibitory immunotherapies. After chemotherapy and immunotherapy, there is currently no accepted standard of care in the third line. Based on the results of the two phase II and one phase III studies available so far, the use of targeted treatments in tertiary treatment may be a new direction. The purpose of our review is to present these clinical trials, and we would also like to draw attention to promising targeted therapies in the future.