Compassion Fatigue in the Burn Unit: A Review of Quantitative Evidence

Healthcare staff across varied clinical settings are faced with varied stressors that can lead to compassion fatigue. However, there is currently no review examining the phenomenon in-depth in the burn unit. Thus, in the current study, the authors sought to scope existing studies to ascertain the prevalence, contributing factors, and effects of compassion fatigue in the burn unit. Compassion fatigue was conceptualized as comprising of burnout (BO) and secondary traumatic stress. Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review approach was used and reported according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) extension guidelines. Searches were undertaken across peer-reviewed databases and gray literature sources for quantitative studies. Following the search and screening process, nine studies were retained. Codes were formulated across studies following which narrative synthesis was undertaken. The majority of the studies (n = 5) focused on burn care nurses. High levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and comparatively low levels of personal achievement were reported among burn care staff which is indicative of BO. Compassion fatigue was also observed to be high among burn care staff. Contributing factors are varied, albeit some variables such as age, staffing levels, remuneration, nature of the work environment, and number of years worked were consistent across some studies. In conclusion, working in the burn unit is challenging with significant stressors that can lead to BO, traumatic stress, and subsequently, compassion fatigue. Interventions to promote resilience, hardiness, optimal working environment, peer, and psychosocial support are greatly needed.