Oxygen-sensing mechanisms in development and tissue repair
Yida Jiang1, Li-Juan Duan1, Guo-Hua Fong1,2
1Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Abstract:
Under normoxia, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) α subunits are hydroxylated by PHDs (prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins) and subsequently undergo polyubiquitylation and degradation. Normal embryogenesis occurs under hypoxia, which suppresses PHD activities and allows HIFα to stabilize and regulate development. In this Primer, we explain molecular mechanisms of the oxygen-sensing pathway, summarize HIF-regulated downstream events, discuss loss-of-function phenotypes primarily in mouse development, and highlight clinical relevance to angiogenesis and tissue repair.
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