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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

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Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS
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New agents for immunosuppression.

André Jefremow1, Markus F Neurath1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology
|December 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases like Crohn's disease arise from immune system attacks. New therapies target cytokines and immune cells, moving beyond broad immunosuppression for better treatment.

Keywords:
AIHAutoimmune diseasesAutoimmune hepatitisCDCoeliac diseaseCrohn's diseaseImmunosuppressive therapyPBCPSCUCUlcerative colitis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • The human abdomen contains organs susceptible to immune system attack, leading to autoimmune diseases.
  • Conditions such as Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis, and Autoimmune Hepatitis present severe symptoms and increased malignancy risk.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology is crucial for effective treatment of these debilitating gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases.
  • To contextualize these new approaches within their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • To highlight advancements beyond generalized immunosuppression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current in vitro and in vivo basic research.
  • Analysis of emerging therapeutic modalities targeting cytokines and immune cells.
  • Examination of treatments including antibodies, kinase inhibitors, and regulatory T cells.

Main Results:

  • Basic research has significantly advanced the understanding of gastrointestinal autoimmune disease pathophysiology.
  • New therapies offer targeted interventions, interacting directly with specific immune components.
  • Approaches like antibody therapy, kinase inhibitors, and regulatory T cells represent a paradigm shift from broad immunosuppression.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper understanding of pathophysiology enables the development of targeted therapies for gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases.
  • Novel therapeutic strategies show promise in managing these conditions more effectively.
  • The shift towards targeted immunomodulation offers new hope for patients suffering from these autoimmune disorders.