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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides01:19

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

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Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin,...
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Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro
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Polymorphic transient glycolipid assemblies with tunable lifespan and cargo release.

Kanaparedu P C Sekhar1, Kaijie Zhao1, Zhiliang Gao1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|December 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers engineered adaptive biomaterials from amphiphilic glycolipids. These intelligent materials enable controlled release of encapsulated cargos, offering potential for programmed delivery systems.

Keywords:
AggregationDrug deliveryGlycolipidsOut-of-equilibriumPolymorphism

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Dynamic processes like dissipative assembly and hydrophobic domain destabilization are crucial in biological systems.
  • Adapting biological self-assembly principles to amphiphilic molecules can create intelligent biomaterials with life-like properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer adaptive biomaterials using amphiphilic glycolipids.
  • To investigate the influence of activation methods and steps on dissipative assemblies (vesicles and hydrogels).
  • To explore controlled cargo release from these engineered materials.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered an amphiphilic glycolipid into dissipative assemblies (vesicles, hydrogels) using two distinct dual-activation methods.
  • Investigated vesicle-to-nanotube phase transitions and hydrogel properties based on activation.
  • Analyzed morphological transformations and hydrophobic domain destabilization.

Main Results:

  • Controlled release of hydrophobic and hydrophilic cargos from vesicles and injectable hydrogels was achieved by altering activation methods.
  • Dual activation steps led to morphological transformations and destabilization of hydrophobic domains, transitioning from bilayer to higher-order crystal structures.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive materials fabricated via dual activation steps demonstrate potential as self-assembled systems.
  • These biomaterials offer tunable rates for programmed release of loaded cargos.
  • The findings pave the way for developing sophisticated drug delivery and biomaterial applications.