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Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
Published on: December 17, 2010
Paraneoplastic autoimmune hypophysitis: An emerging concept
Hironori Bando1, Keitaro Kanie2, Yutaka Takahashi3
1Division of Development of Advanced Therapy for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
Abstract:
Pituitary autoimmunity is one of the principal causes of hypopituitarism. Additionally, hypophysitis is one of the immune-related adverse events associated with immunotherapy. Recent case-oriented research has revealed a novel type of autoimmune hypophysitis, anti-PIT-1 hypophysitis, related to isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency and immune checkpoint inhibitor-related hypophysitis, as a form of paraneoplastic syndrome. Under these conditions, the ectopic expression of pituitary antigens present in tumors evokes a breakdown of immune tolerance, resulting in the production of autoantibodies and autoreactive cytotoxic T cells that specifically harm pituitary cells. Consequently, an innovative clinical entity of paraneoplastic autoimmune hypophysitis has been purported. This novel concept and its underlying mechanisms provide clues for understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune pituitary diseases and can be applied to other autoimmune diseases. This review discusses the etiology of paraneoplastic autoimmune hypophysitis and its future.
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