Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 10, 2025

05:32
A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device
Published on: November 24, 2016
8.0K
[Palmar Hyperhidrosis Associated with the Azygos Lobe].
Osamu Kakazu1, Morio Ohta, Tomonari Shiohira
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nakagami Hospital, Okinawa, Japan.
Kyobu Geka. the Japanese Journal of Thoracic Surgery
|December 8, 2021
Summary
A 66-year-old man underwent endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis. The procedure successfully addressed the condition, with the azygos lobe being safely managed during the surgery.
Area of Science:
- Thoracic surgery
- Anatomy
- Hyperhidrosis management
Background:
- Palmar hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating of the palms.
- An azygos lobe is a rare anatomical variant of the lung.
- Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy is a surgical treatment for hyperhidrosis.
Observation:
- A 66-year-old man presented with palmar hyperhidrosis.
- Computed tomography revealed an azygos lobe and azygos vein.
- The azygos lobe was noted to have adhesions to the parietal pleura.
Findings:
- Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) was performed for palmar hyperhidrosis.
- The T3 ganglion was resected.
- The azygos lobe was dissected and managed during the ETS procedure.
- The sympathectomy was safely completed.
Implications:
- This case demonstrates the successful management of palmar hyperhidrosis in a patient with an azygos lobe.
- It highlights the importance of pre-operative imaging to identify anatomical variations.
- The study underscores the feasibility and safety of performing ETS in the presence of an azygos lobe.
Related Concept Videos
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sweat Glands
2.8K
Sweat glands or sudoriferous glands are one of the important accessory structures of the skin. They are small, coiled tubular structures located in the dermis, the middle layer of the skin. Sweat glands are responsible for producing and secreting sweat, a watery fluid that helps regulate body temperature and excrete waste products.
Sweat glands are classified as merocrine glands; that is, the secretions are excreted by exocytosis through a duct without affecting the cells of the gland. There...
Sweat glands are classified as merocrine glands; that is, the secretions are excreted by exocytosis through a duct without affecting the cells of the gland. There...
2.8K
Veins of Thorax
1.3K
The azygos system is a crucial part of the body's circulatory system and drains most of the thorax. It comprises the azygos, hemiazygos, and accessory hemiazygos veins.
The azygos vein, positioned just right of the midline and anterior to the vertebral column, begins at the junction of the right ascending lumbar and subcostal veins, terminating in the superior vena cava. This vein drains blood from the right side of the thoracic wall, thoracic viscera, and posterior abdominal wall.
The...
The azygos vein, positioned just right of the midline and anterior to the vertebral column, begins at the junction of the right ascending lumbar and subcostal veins, terminating in the superior vena cava. This vein drains blood from the right side of the thoracic wall, thoracic viscera, and posterior abdominal wall.
The...
1.3K
Veins of Upper Limbs
2.3K
The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
The deep venous system is primarily composed of the ulnar and radial veins. The ulnar vein, which drains the fingers through the superficial palmar venous arches, and the radial vein, which serves the palms via the deep palmar...
The deep venous system is primarily composed of the ulnar and radial veins. The ulnar vein, which drains the fingers through the superficial palmar venous arches, and the radial vein, which serves the palms via the deep palmar...
2.3K
Arteries of the Upper Limbs
1.3K
The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
1.3K
Papillary Dermis
4.1K
Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen...
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen...
4.1K
Hypodermis
5.9K
The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
5.9K

