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Related Concept Videos

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Determination of Trace Elements in Ruby Laser Crystals by Neutron Activation Analysis.

Barbara A Thompson1, Eric C Miller1

  • 1Institute for Materials Research, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234.

Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and Chemistry
|December 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Neutron activation analysis quantifies trace elements in ruby crystals, crucial for understanding laser performance. This non-destructive method overcomes material challenges for precise elemental analysis.

Keywords:
Activation analysisAl2O3interfering reactionslasernondestructive analysisrubytrace elements

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Nuclear Physics

Background:

  • Ruby crystals (Al2O3) possess refractory and insulating properties, complicating conventional trace element analysis.
  • Understanding trace element concentrations is vital for optimizing laser performance.
  • Previous analytical methods faced significant challenges due to ruby's material characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a non-destructive analytical method for determining trace element concentrations in ruby crystals.
  • To establish upper limits for additional elements at parts per million levels.
  • To provide essential data correlating trace element levels with laser performance.

Main Methods:

  • Neutron activation analysis (NAA) was employed for non-destructive elemental quantification.
  • Samples were irradiated with highly thermalized neutrons to minimize matrix interference (Al2O3).
  • A 47-cm³ Germanium-Lithium drifted (Ge(Li)) detector was utilized for sensitive detection.

Main Results:

  • Concentration levels for up to ten trace elements were successfully determined.
  • Upper limits were established for over 40 additional elements at ppm levels or below.
  • The method effectively circumvented difficulties associated with dissolving refractory ruby samples.

Conclusions:

  • Neutron activation analysis provides a robust, non-destructive approach for trace element determination in ruby.
  • The established elemental data is critical for research into trace element effects on laser performance.
  • This technique offers a viable solution for analyzing challenging crystalline materials.