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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview01:20

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The ionization of a molecule into a molecular ion inside the mass spectrometer causes instability in the molecule's structure due to the loss of an electron. This eventually leads to the fragmentation or breaking of some bonds in the molecule. The fragmentation occurs predominantly at specific bonds to yield relatively stable fragments.
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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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An acid can be deprotonated to form a conjugate base or an anion. If the produced anion is more stable, then the acid is stronger. On the contrary, if the anion is unstable, then the acid is weaker. Hence, to determine the acidity of the compound, the stability of its conjugate base is studied using various factors.
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The VSEPR theory can be used to determine the electron pair geometries and molecular structures as follows:
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Free-energy diagrams, or reaction coordinate diagrams, are graphs showing the energy changes that occur during a chemical reaction. The reaction coordinate represented on the horizontal axis shows how far the reaction has progressed structurally. Positions along the x-axis close to the reactants have structures resembling the reactants, while positions close to the products resemble the products.  Peaks on the energy diagram represent stable structures with measurable lifetimes, while...
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Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in a Flow Tube Reactor
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Partial Ionization Cross Sections of Organic Molecules.

Karl K Irikura1

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
|December 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study provides semitheoretical partial ionization cross section data for organic molecules. This data aids in analyzing potential biomarkers found on Mars by the Curiosity rover.

Keywords:
cross sectionelectron ionizationgas analysismass spectrometryquantum chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Planetary Science

Background:

  • Partial ionization cross sections quantify ion yields from electron-molecule collisions, crucial for plasma modeling.
  • These cross sections are vital for calibrating mass spectrometers, including those used in astrobiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate semitheoretical partial ionization cross section data for organic molecules.
  • To support the identification of potential biomarkers in extraterrestrial samples, specifically those from Mars.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized semitheoretical methods to calculate partial ionization cross sections.
  • Focused on organic molecules relevant to the Martian environment and astrobiology.

Main Results:

  • Generated a dataset of partial ionization cross sections for selected organic molecules.
  • The data is applicable to mass spectrometry analysis of extraterrestrial samples.

Conclusions:

  • The obtained data is valuable for interpreting mass spectrometry results from Mars missions.
  • This work contributes to the search for life beyond Earth by refining analytical techniques.