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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Papillary Dermis01:11

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
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Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
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Autoimmune Progesterone Dermatitis.

Shahmeen Irshad1, Muhammad S Haider1, Madiha F Master2

  • 1Internal Medicine, Richmond University Medical Center, New York, USA.

Cureus
|December 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis (APD) causes severe skin and oral blisters in women due to hormonal changes. Treatment involves symptom relief and oral contraceptives for definitive management.

Keywords:
allergy and immunologyautoimmune diseasedermatitiserythemaprogesterone

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis (APD) is an immune-mediated condition affecting women.
  • It is primarily triggered by progesterone surges during the menstrual cycle.

Observation:

  • A case study of a 29-year-old female with recurrent, severe skin eruptions linked to her menstrual cycle is presented.
  • The patient experienced blistered skin lesions and oropharyngeal mucosal blisters, causing symptoms like itching and difficulty swallowing.

Findings:

  • The patient's condition presented with significant debility.
  • Symptomatic relief was achieved using steroids and antihistamines.

Implications:

  • Early recognition of APD is crucial for managing debilitating symptoms in women.
  • Resuming oral contraceptive pills offers a more definitive therapeutic approach for APD.