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DNA Profiling in Forensic Science: A Review
Jaya Lakshmi Bukyya1, M L Avinash Tejasvi2, Anulekha Avinash3
1Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Tirumala Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad, Telangana, India.
Global Medical Genetics
|December 8, 2021
Summary
Forensic investigators utilize unique deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) markers found in cells for identifying individuals at crime scenes. This review examines the application and limitations of these genetic markers in forensic science.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Science
- Genetics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a unique identifier present in most human cells.
- Individuals leave behind DNA traces in various environments.
- DNA analysis has revolutionized forensic investigations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the application of genetic markers in forensic investigations.
- To discuss the capabilities and limitations of DNA evidence in criminal identification.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on DNA profiling techniques.
- Analysis of case studies utilizing genetic markers for identification.
- Examination of current forensic DNA analysis methodologies.
Main Results:
- Genetic markers provide powerful tools for victim and perpetrator identification.
- DNA analysis is crucial for establishing links between suspects and crime scenes.
- Limitations include sample degradation, contamination, and interpretation challenges.
Conclusions:
- Genetic markers are indispensable in modern forensic science.
- Understanding the limitations of DNA analysis is critical for accurate interpretation.
- Continued research is needed to enhance DNA profiling techniques and overcome challenges.
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