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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
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The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
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Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
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RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
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Niche breadth affects bacterial transcription patterns along a salinity gradient.

Angel Rain-Franco1, Nicolas Mouquet2, Claire Gougat-Barbera3

  • 1CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, LOMIC, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls/mer, France.

Molecular Ecology
|December 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Specialist and generalist bacteria exhibit distinct gene regulation patterns. Understanding these differences in niche breadth (NB) helps predict how bacterial populations respond to environmental changes, like salinity shifts.

Keywords:
generalistsniche widthsalinityspecialistsstress marker genesstress responsetranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial ecology
  • Molecular biology
  • Environmental adaptation

Background:

  • Species' life history and niche breadth (NB) influence their susceptibility to environmental change.
  • Specialists thrive in specific habitats, while generalists adapt to diverse environments.
  • Understanding bacterial transcriptional patterns is key to predicting responses to environmental shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify transcriptional patterns distinguishing bacterial strains with different niche breadths (NB) along a salinity gradient.
  • To test if fitness-related genes are more regulated in specialists and protective genes in generalists.
  • To find candidate stress marker genes for monitoring bacterial susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed transcriptional regulation of fitness- and adaptation-related genes in 11 bacterial strains.
  • Examined gene regulation in relation to niche breadth (NB) and stress exposure under varying salinity.
  • Analyzed correlations between transcriptional regulation, NB, and stress levels.

Main Results:

  • Transcriptional regulation levels of fitness- and adaptation-related genes correlated with niche breadth (NB) and/or stress exposure.
  • Identified specific transcriptional patterns associated with specialist and generalist bacterial strains.
  • Discovered a shortlist of candidate stress marker genes.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial transcriptional regulation strategies differ based on niche breadth (NB) and environmental stress.
  • Candidate stress marker genes can predict bacterial susceptibility to environmental changes.
  • This research provides insights into microbial adaptation mechanisms.