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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Published on: March 30, 2018

Recent advances in T-cell lymphoid neoplasms.

Anna Bigas¹, Juan José Rodriguez-Sevilla², Lluis Espinosa³

¹Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut Josep Carreras contra la Leucemia, Barcelona, Spain.

Experimental Hematology

|December 8, 2021

Summary

This review details T-cell malignancies, exploring their diverse subtypes and characteristics. It highlights recent cellular and molecular advances, comparing similarities and differences in T-cell neoplasms.

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Last Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

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Published on: March 30, 2018

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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

Area of Science:

Immunology
Hematology
Oncology

Background:

T cells are lymphocytes with diverse subtypes and functions across various tissues.
T-cell transformation leads to a spectrum of T-cell neoplasms.
Understanding T-cell malignancies is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the main types of T-cell malignancies.
To describe their specific cellular and molecular characteristics.
To emphasize recent advances and compare/contrast different T-cell neoplasms.

Main Methods:

Literature review of T-cell malignancies.
Analysis of cellular differentiation pathways.
Examination of molecular alterations in T-cell transformation.

Main Results:

Identification of key T-cell malignancy subtypes.
Characterization of distinct cellular and molecular profiles.
Summary of recent research findings and therapeutic targets.

Conclusions:

T-cell neoplasms exhibit significant cellular and molecular diversity.
Recent advances offer new insights into T-cell malignancy pathogenesis.
Comparative analysis aids in understanding shared and unique features of these cancers.