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Multiple pollution sources unravelled by environmental forensics techniques and multivariate statistics.

D Baragaño1, G Ratié2, C Sierra3

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Identifying industrial pollution sources is challenging. This study combines multivariate statistics and environmental forensics to pinpoint contamination origins in estuarine areas, aiding risk assessment and remediation.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Environmental Forensics

Background:

  • Anthropogenic contamination at industrial sites creates complex pollutant patterns, making source identification difficult.
  • Effective source discrimination is crucial for targeted environmental risk assessment and remediation planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel methodology integrating multivariate statistics and environmental forensic techniques for identifying pollution sources.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of this approach in a complex estuarine pollution scenario.

Main Methods:

  • Factor analysis and clustering were employed to delineate sub-areas with distinct geochemical behaviors.
  • Environmental forensic tools, including As speciation, Pb isotopes, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) molecular ratios, were utilized.
  • A pollution index was applied to categorize identified clusters.

Main Results:

  • Six distinct clusters with unique geochemical characteristics were identified in the Avilés estuarine area.
  • Environmental forensic analyses successfully attributed pollution sources to specific clusters, including Zinc-smelting, coaly particles, and waste disposal.
  • The study confirmed the utility of As speciation, Pb isotopes, and PAHs ratios in source apportionment.

Conclusions:

  • The combined multivariate statistical and environmental forensic approach provides valuable insights into pollution source identification in complex environments.
  • This methodology is applicable to diverse polluted environmental compartments, supporting informed risk assessment and remediation strategies.