Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bootstrapping01:24

Bootstrapping

684
The term "bootstrap" originated in the 19th century as a metaphor for self-improvement or achieving something independently, without external assistance. This concept extends to statistical bootstrapping, a self-contained method for estimating population parameters through resampling, even though it can be computationally intensive. Developed by the American statistician Dr. Bradley Efron in 1979, bootstrapping provides a robust way to perform inference when the original sample size is...
684
Cluster Sampling Method01:20

Cluster Sampling Method

13.1K
Appropriate sampling methods ensure that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your...
13.1K
Random Sampling Method01:09

Random Sampling Method

12.8K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest. Among the various sampling methods used by...
12.8K
Convenience Sampling Method00:55

Convenience Sampling Method

9.9K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population.
Convenience sampling is a non-random method of sample selection; this method selects individuals that are easily accessible and may result in biased data. For example, a marketing...
9.9K
Sampling Methods: Overview01:06

Sampling Methods: Overview

618
A sample refers to a smaller subset representative of a larger population. In analytical chemistry, studying or analyzing an entire population is often impractical or impossible. Therefore, samples are used to draw inferences and generalize the whole population. The sampling method selects individuals or items from a population to create a sample. Standard sampling methods include random, judgemental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling. 
In analytical chemistry, the choice of...
618
Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

538
Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
538

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Corallorhiza striata is the first example of a pseudocopulatory orchid in North America and an instance of "double deception" in fully mycoheterotrophic plants.

American journal of botany·2026
Same author

Nuclear Phylogenomic Insights into Relationships, Support, and Conflict Among the Early Diverging Lineages of the Megadiverse Epidendroid Orchids.

Systematic biology·2025
Same author

Orchid phylogenetics and evolution: history, current status and prospects.

Annals of botany·2024
Same author

Organellar phylogenomics at the epidendroid orchid base, with a focus on the mycoheterotrophic Wullschlaegelia.

Annals of botany·2024
Same author

Phylotranscriptomic Analyses of Mycoheterotrophic Monocots Show a Continuum of Convergent Evolutionary Changes in Expressed Nuclear Genes From Three Independent Nonphotosynthetic Lineages.

Genome biology and evolution·2022
Same author

Phylogenomic resolution of order- and family-level monocot relationships using 602 single-copy nuclear genes and 1375 BUSCO genes.

Frontiers in plant science·2022
Same journal

Unravelling the phylogeny of armadillos and their kin (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) combining morphological, molecular, and stratigraphic data.

Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society·2026
Same journal

Phylogenomics and the evolutionary history of the Oxyurida (pinworms).

Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society·2026
Same journal

Budding speciation, mitochondrial capture and introgression between surface and cave lineages in the Asellus aquaticus species complex.

Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society·2026
Same journal

Some considerations about Cotton and Wilkinson's "majority rule supertrees".

Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society·2026
Same journal

Phylogenomics and historical biogeography of the cosmopolitan velvet ant tribe Trogaspidiini (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae).

Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society·2026
Same journal

Monotypic genera: uninformative, but sometimes necessary.

Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Methods of Soil Resampling to Monitor Changes in the Chemical Concentrations of Forest Soils
09:16

Methods of Soil Resampling to Monitor Changes in the Chemical Concentrations of Forest Soils

Published on: November 25, 2016

16.9K

Branch support via resampling: an empirical study.

John V Freudenstein1, Jerrold I Davis2

  • 1Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University Herbarium, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.

Cladistics : the International Journal of the Willi Hennig Society
|December 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

To improve phylogenetic tree accuracy, conduct extensive tree searches and save numerous trees per replicate. Jackknifing is preferred over bootstrapping for its closer data relationship.

More Related Videos

A Method for Quantifying Foliage-Dwelling Arthropods
08:20

A Method for Quantifying Foliage-Dwelling Arthropods

Published on: October 20, 2019

6.0K
Evaluating Dryocosmus Kuriphilus-induced Damage on Castanea Sativa
07:14

Evaluating Dryocosmus Kuriphilus-induced Damage on Castanea Sativa

Published on: August 30, 2018

7.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Methods of Soil Resampling to Monitor Changes in the Chemical Concentrations of Forest Soils
09:16

Methods of Soil Resampling to Monitor Changes in the Chemical Concentrations of Forest Soils

Published on: November 25, 2016

16.9K
A Method for Quantifying Foliage-Dwelling Arthropods
08:20

A Method for Quantifying Foliage-Dwelling Arthropods

Published on: October 20, 2019

6.0K
Evaluating Dryocosmus Kuriphilus-induced Damage on Castanea Sativa
07:14

Evaluating Dryocosmus Kuriphilus-induced Damage on Castanea Sativa

Published on: August 30, 2018

7.3K

Area of Science:

  • Phylogenetics
  • Computational Biology
  • Systematics

Background:

  • Resampling methods like jackknifing and bootstrapping are crucial for assessing branch support in phylogenetic trees.
  • The effectiveness of these methods is strongly influenced by the underlying tree search algorithms and parameters used.

Discussion:

  • Deeper tree searches generally increase branch support values by reducing conflict between trees.
  • Saving more trees per replicate can decrease support values due to increased structural conflict within replicate consensus trees.

Key Insights:

  • Maximizing accuracy in resampling analyses requires employing the most extensive search strategies and saving the maximum number of trees per replicate.
  • Strict consensus summaries are more conservative and preferable to frequency-within-replicates summaries for reporting results.
  • Jackknife analysis is favored over bootstrap analysis due to its more direct relationship with the original data.

Outlook:

  • Future research should focus on optimizing tree search parameters for specific datasets to enhance phylogenetic inference.
  • Developing more efficient algorithms for tree searching could further improve the accuracy and scalability of resampling methods.
  • Investigating the impact of different consensus methods on phylogenetic interpretation remains an important area.