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Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function
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Brainstem Circuits Triggering Saccades and Fixation.

Mayu Takahashi1, Yuriko Sugiuchi2, Jie Na2,3

  • 1Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan takahashi.phy1@tmd.ac.jp.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|December 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Omnipause neurons (OPNs) maintain eye fixation but stop firing during saccades. Inhibitory burst neurons (IBNs), activated by caudal superior colliculi, suppress OPNs, initiating and maintaining saccades.

Keywords:
eye movementinhibitory burst neuronoculomotoromnipause neuronsaccade triggersuperior colliculus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Omnipause neurons (OPNs) are crucial for eye movement control, exhibiting tonic activity during fixation and ceasing firing before and during saccades.
  • The precise neural circuits and command signals that regulate OPN activity for saccade generation remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the source of OPN suppression before and during saccades.
  • To investigate the synaptic inputs from the superior colliculi (SCs) to OPNs and the pathways involved.

Main Methods:

  • Intracellular recording and staining in anesthetized cats.
  • Analysis of synaptic inputs from rostral and caudal SCs to OPNs.
  • Lesion studies (tectoreticular tract and midline sections) to trace neural pathways.
  • Three-dimensional reconstruction of HRP-stained neurons.

Main Results:

  • OPNs receive monosynaptic excitation from rostral SCs (contralateral dominance) and disynaptic inhibition from caudal SCs (ipsilateral dominance).
  • Tract transections confirmed that caudal SCs inhibit OPNs via inhibitory burst neurons (IBNs).
  • IBNs directly inhibit OPNs, with reciprocal connections between IBNs and OPNs demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • Caudal SCs activate IBNs, which then suppress OPN firing, facilitating saccade initiation and maintenance.
  • Distinct pathways from rostral and caudal SCs differentially regulate OPN activity for fixation and saccades.
  • IBNs play a critical role in the omnipause behavior of OPNs during saccades.