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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

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Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
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Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders01:24

Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders

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Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
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Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
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Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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Clinical Approach to Cognitive and Neurobehavioral Symptoms.

Meredith Wicklund

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
    |December 9, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    This review outlines a systematic framework for evaluating patients with cognitive or neurobehavioral concerns. Integrating clinical assessments with advanced diagnostic studies is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Neurology
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • Advances in neuroimaging and biomarkers have enhanced understanding of brain-behavior links.
    • Knowledge of neural networks and pathophysiologic processes in cognitive disorders has expanded.
    • Clinical context is vital for interpreting neuroimaging and biomarker studies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a framework for approaching patients with cognitive or neurobehavioral concerns.
    • To guide the integration of clinical assessments with contemporary diagnostic tools.
    • To enhance the accurate diagnosis and treatment of neurological and neurobehavioral disorders.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic review of current literature on cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders.
    • Framework development based on integrating clinical history, examination, and diagnostic studies.

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  • Emphasis on the clinical application of neuroimaging and biomarkers.

    • Main Results:

    • Neuroimaging (structural and functional) and biomarkers offer insights into brain-behavior relationships.
    • Understanding of neural networks, functional connectivity, and disease pathophysiology has improved.
    • Misinterpretation of advanced studies can occur without proper clinical context.

    Conclusions:

    • A systematic approach to patient history and examination is essential.
    • Integrating clinical findings with diagnostic studies improves patient care.
    • This framework aids in marrying clinical assessments with modern diagnostic and treatment strategies.