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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

236
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle...
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Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

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Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

190
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
190
Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

203
Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
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Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

209
Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is...
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Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders.

Carol Mathews

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
    |December 9, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects over 1 in 50 adults, yet diagnosis and treatment are delayed. Early intervention with therapies like CBT or SSRIs improves outcomes for this debilitating condition.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Neurology

    Background:

    • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition often underdiagnosed.
    • It impacts 2-3% of adults globally, causing significant disability and societal costs.
    • Patients face average diagnostic and treatment delays of 10 and 2 years, respectively, due to underrecognition and stigma.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the phenomenology and clinical presentation of OCD.
    • To provide guidance for identifying obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
    • To discuss treatment options for OCD, including psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and neuromodulation.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature on OCD phenomenology, diagnosis, and treatment.
    • Analysis of epidemiological data and treatment efficacy studies.

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  • Discussion of emerging neuromodulation techniques for treatment-resistant cases.

    • Main Results:

    • Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), particularly exposure and response prevention, is the most effective OCD treatment.
    • Pharmacologic options include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and clomipramine.
    • Neuromodulation techniques like deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation show promise for treatment-resistant OCD.

    Conclusions:

    • OCD affects over 1 in 50 US adults but is underdiagnosed and undertreated in over half of cases.
    • Early and appropriate intervention can significantly reduce symptom severity and functional disability.
    • Effective management of OCD improves quality of life for affected individuals.