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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Vaccinology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • The global switch from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) to bivalent OPV (bOPV) in 2016 aimed to eradicate wild poliovirus type 2.
    • Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks arise from prolonged Sabin strain transmission in underimmunized populations, leading to paralytic polio.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report on global cVDPV outbreaks during January 2020–June 2021.
    • To highlight the increasing number of cVDPV type 2 cases and the challenges in outbreak response.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of global cVDPV outbreak data from January 2020 to June 2021.
    • Review of vaccine strategies, including the use of monovalent OPV type 2 (mOPV2) and novel OPV type 2 (nOPV2).

    Main Results:

    • A total of 44 cVDPV outbreaks across three serotypes were reported in 37 countries between January 2020 and June 2021.
    • The number of cVDPV type 2 cases significantly increased from 366 in 2019 to 1,078 in 2020.
    • Limited availability of nOPV2, a more genetically stable vaccine, impacts outbreak response.

    Conclusions:

    • Urgent and effective outbreak response strategies are crucial to control rising cVDPV cases.
    • The Global Polio Eradication Initiative's 2022-2026 plan emphasizes early detection and prompt response to interrupt cVDPV2 transmission by 2023.