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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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A gerophysiology perspective on healthy ageing.

Ph Kemoun1, I Ader2, V Planat-Benard2

  • 1RESTORE Research Center, University of Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France; Dental Faculty, Toulouse Institute of Oral Medicine and Science. University of Toulouse, CHU of Toulouse. Toulouse, France.

Ageing Research Reviews
|December 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Global lifespan increases bring more chronic disease, shifting focus to healthy aging. This review introduces gerophysiology, viewing aging as organism-wide scarring driven by mesenchymal stroma cells, immunity, and metabolism (SIM).

Keywords:
Healthy ageingHomeostasis-allostasisInflammationMetabolismRepair processesStroma

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Physiology
  • Biomolecular science

Background:

  • Increased global lifespan due to public health advances has led to a rise in chronic diseases.
  • Healthy aging research is shifting from a pathology-focused to an intrinsic capacity and function-centered approach.
  • Geroscience explores molecular drivers of aging, proposing integrated hallmarks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a gerophysiological perspective on aging.
  • To link aging to homeostasis/allostasis and robustness/fragility.
  • To highlight the role of mesenchymal stroma cells, immunity, and metabolism (SIM) in aging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on aging, geroscience, and physiology.
  • Conceptual framework development integrating homeostasis, allostasis, and SIM.
  • Analysis of aging as a process of organism-wide "scarring".

Main Results:

  • Aging can be viewed as the accumulation of tissue "scarring" from repair processes.
  • The "SIM" (mesenchymal stroma cells/immunity/metabolism) triad is central to tissue and organ aging.
  • This gerophysiological view links robustness (homeostasis) to fragility (allostasis).

Conclusions:

  • A gerophysiological perspective offers a novel framework for understanding healthy aging.
  • The SIM triad is a key target for developing biomarkers and interventions for healthy aging.
  • This approach may lead to new preventive and curative strategies for age-related decline.