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Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
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Detecting Emotions through Electrodermal Activity in Learning Contexts: A Systematic Review.

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Electrodermal activity (EDA) measures physiological arousal during learning, but its use in education lacks consistent standards. This review highlights variability in EDA methods and inconsistent findings on its link to learning outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Growing use of electrodermal activity (EDA) devices to measure physiological arousal.
  • Increasing interest in linking emotions, physiological arousal, and learning outcomes in educational settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Systematically review the application of EDA in educational research.
  • Investigate methodological variations in EDA measures.
  • Synthesize evidence on the relationship between physiological arousal (EDA) and learning processes/outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies using EDA in education.
  • Analysis of methodological approaches and empirical findings.
  • Synthesis of data on EDA fluctuations during learning stages.

Main Results:

  • Significant heterogeneity in EDA measurement and processing methods across studies.
  • Inconsistent associations between physiological arousal and learning outcomes, likely due to methodological differences.
  • EDA exhibits fluctuations throughout the learning process, suggesting the need for multimodal approaches.

Conclusions:

  • A clear need exists for standardized guidelines for EDA data processing in educational research.
  • Establishing standards will facilitate a deeper understanding of physiological arousal's role in learning.
  • Multimodal designs may offer richer insights into learning-related physiological responses.