Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 10, 2025
09:28
Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Model for Ischemic Retinal Diseases in Rodents
Published on: September 16, 2020
8.7K
Retinal Diseases Regulated by Hypoxia-Basic and Clinical Perspectives: A Comprehensive Review
Ari Shinojima1,2, Deokho Lee1,2, Kazuo Tsubota2,3
1Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|December 10, 2021
Summary
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) play key roles in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Targeting the HIF/VEGF pathway offers a promising therapeutic strategy for AMD and other ocular ischemic diseases.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Molecular Biology
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a growing global health concern due to increased life expectancy.
- Current wet-AMD treatment involves anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections.
- Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a key regulator upstream of VEGF, involved in hypoxia-induced gene expression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathophysiology of AMD and related ocular diseases.
- To explore the role of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway.
- To summarize recent findings from basic and clinical research.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of basic and clinical research.
- Analysis of the HIF/VEGF pathway in the context of ocular diseases.
- Examination of diagnostic findings like hypofluorescent areas in indocyanine green angiography.
Main Results:
- HIF activation under retinal hypoxia drives pro-angiogenic gene expression, including VEGF.
- Lipid deposits in Bruch's membrane may cause retinal pigment epithelium hypoxia, activating HIF/VEGF.
- This pathway is implicated in the neovascularization seen in AMD and other ocular ischemic conditions.
Conclusions:
- The HIF/VEGF pathway is a critical factor in the development of AMD and related neovascular diseases.
- Targeting HIF presents a promising therapeutic avenue for managing these conditions.
- Understanding this pathway aids in developing novel treatment strategies for ocular ischemic diseases.
Keywords:
age-related macular degenerationangiographyauto-fluorescencecentral serous chorioretinopathychoroidal neovascularizationhypofluorescenthypoxia-inducible factorindocyanine greenoptical coherence tomographyvascular endothelial growth factorMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:23Hypoxia
1.3K
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
1.3K
01:23Physiological Control of Respiration
4.5K
Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
4.5K
01:24Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply
2.9K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
2.9K
01:16Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure
342
Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
342
01:21Acute Respiratory Failure-II
422
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
422
01:19Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications
1.3K
Respiratory assessment is a cornerstone of nursing assessments, crucial for the early detection of patient deterioration. This evaluation transcends routine procedures, representing a critical skill nurses must master to ensure optimal patient care.
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...
1.3K