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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

5.5K
The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 10, 2025

RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE
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RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE

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RGS4 RNA Secondary Structure Mediates Staufen2 RNP Assembly in Neurons.

Sandra M Fernández-Moya1, Janina Ehses1, Karl E Bauer1

  • 1Department for Cell Biology & Anatomy, Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA secondary structures are crucial for neuronal RNA granules. Staufen2 protein binds RNA hairpins, regulating RNA localization and translation in neurons.

Keywords:
RNA localizationRNA-binding proteinRNP assemblyStaufen2in vivo RNA bindingneuronal RNA granule

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • Neuronal RNA granules are key to mRNA fate, but their assembly mechanisms are unclear.
  • The role of RNA secondary structures in RBP interactions is under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how RNA secondary structures influence Staufen2 binding and RNA granule formation.
  • To determine the role of specific RNA structures in Staufen2-mediated RNA localization.
  • To understand the impact of RNA secondary structures on neuronal protein expression.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Staufen2-RNA interactions using structural biology techniques.
  • Investigating RNA granule assembly and Staufen2 localization in neuronal models.
  • Functional assays to assess the impact of RNA structure disruption on RNA localization and translation.

Main Results:

  • Staufen2 binds complex, long-ranged RNA hairpins in target 3'-untranslated regions.
  • These RNA structures are essential for Staufen2-containing RNA granule assembly.
  • A specific Rgs4 RNA duplex regulates Staufen2-dependent RNA localization to dendrites.
  • Disruption of RNA hairpins affects Staufen2 localization and neuronal protein expression.

Conclusions:

  • RNA secondary structures are critical regulators of RNA granule assembly and function in neurons.
  • Specific RNA structures dictate Staufen2 binding, localization, and translational control.
  • RNA secondary structures may act as a code for intracellular mRNA fate regulation.