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Delirium in Palliative Care.

Patricia Bramati1, Eduardo Bruera1

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Delirium in terminally ill patients significantly increases suffering and mortality. While often overlooked, effective recognition and management, including palliative sedation for refractory cases, are crucial for patient and family support.

Keywords:
antipsychoticsbenzodiazepinesdeliriumhaloperidolpalliativesedation

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Area of Science:

  • Palliative Care
  • Neuropsychiatry
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Delirium is a common and serious neuropsychiatric disorder in patients with terminal illnesses.
  • It is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and significant distress for patients, families, and caregivers.
  • Effective recognition of delirium is often challenging but essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of delirium in terminal illness.
  • To discuss current management strategies and their limitations.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely recognition and comprehensive support.

Main Methods:

  • This abstract is based on a review of current literature and clinical practice regarding delirium in terminal illness.
  • It synthesizes information on recognition, interventions, and supportive care.
  • No new clinical data were generated.

Main Results:

  • Delirium frequently occurs in terminally ill patients and is often underdiagnosed.
  • Interventions, both non-pharmacological and pharmacological, have limited proven efficacy.
  • Reversibility is not always achievable.

Conclusions:

  • Effective recognition of delirium requires dedicated attention.
  • While interventions are common, their effectiveness is largely unproven.
  • Palliative sedation may be considered for refractory delirium, and continuous psychological support is vital for patients and families.