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Related Concept Videos

Mortar Properties01:17

Mortar Properties

212
Mortar properties encompass a range of characteristics crucial for construction and masonry work, including workability, water retention, bond strength, durability, compressive strength, volume change, and appearance. Workability refers to mortar's ability to be easily applied and manipulated without sagging or falling off surfaces, which is important for efficient masonry unit placement and alignment. Water retention is essential to prevent the mortar from losing moisture too quickly to...
212
Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions01:21

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions

149
In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
Other key practices include keeping masonry units...
149
Mortar01:29

Mortar

349
Mortar, a mixture of Portland cement, hydrated lime, sand, and water, is a crucial binding material in construction. Its primary function is to join masonry units together, filling gaps and ensuring a uniform distribution of weight across the structure. This helps in preventing potential weaknesses. Mortar also serves as a protective barrier against environmental elements such as water and wind, thereby safeguarding the interior of the structure. It also compensates for surface irregularities...
349
Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability01:14

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

135
This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
135
Mortar Joint Deterioration in Masonry01:13

Mortar Joint Deterioration in Masonry

175
Mortar joint deterioration is a significant concern in masonry structures, with water accumulation in the joints leading to damage from freeze-thaw cycles. The repeated expansion of water during freezing and its melting during thawing develop and propagate cracks in the masonry joints. Eventually, this leads to the spalling of mortar from the joints, loosening masonry units and weakening the structure. The deteriorated mortar joints are also vulnerable to moisture intrusion into the walls.
The...
175
Mortar Joints in Brick Masonry01:25

Mortar Joints in Brick Masonry

211
Mortar joints play a critical role in brick masonry, filling the spaces between brick to bind them together and provide structural integrity and strength. The thickness of these joints is variable, typically ranging from less than one-fourth inch to over half an inch, based on structural needs and specific applications.
The process of joint tooling is implemented as the mortar begins to harden. This technique involves compacting and shaping the mortar to enhance both the appearance and the...
211

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Evaluation and Multi-Objective Optimization of Lightweight Mortars Parameters at Elevated Temperature via Box-Behnken

Mehmet Kaya1, Zeynel Baran Yıldırım2, Fuat Köksal1

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey.

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Summary

This study investigated lightweight mortars with silica fume and vermiculite, finding critical temperatures for optimal mechanical properties using response surface methodology (RSM). Optimized mortars showed good ultrasonic pulse velocity, flexural, and compressive strength at these temperatures.

Keywords:
box-Behnken designexpanded vermiculitelightweight mortarresponse surface methodologysilica fume

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Lightweight mortars are crucial for reducing structural loads.
  • Understanding the high-temperature mechanical behavior of these mortars is essential for safety and performance.
  • Silica fume and vermiculite are common additives that alter mortar properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanical properties of lightweight mortars with varying silica fume content and vermiculite/cement ratios under elevated temperatures.
  • To determine the optimal mix designs and critical temperatures for enhanced mechanical performance.
  • To apply response surface methodology (RSM) for modeling and optimization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Box-Behnken design, a response surface methodology (RSM) technique.
  • Investigated the effects of silica fume content (5-15%), vermiculite/cement (V/C) ratio (4-8), and temperature (300-900 °C).
  • Employed Design Expert software for mix-design evaluation and regression model building, using backward elimination for parameter selection.

Main Results:

  • Established regression models showing high correlation between independent variables and mechanical responses (UPV, flexural, compressive strength).
  • Identified critical temperatures for optimal performance at different silica fume levels (e.g., 371.6 °C for 5% silica fume) with V/C ratio at 4.
  • Achieved desirable mechanical properties: UPV (2480-2737 m/s), flexural strength (3.13-3.81 MPa), and compressive strength (9.9-11.5 MPa) at critical temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • Response surface methodology (RSM) is highly effective for evaluating the mechanical properties of mortars with additives exposed to high temperatures.
  • The study provides optimal parameters for lightweight mortar formulations to withstand thermal stress.
  • Findings are valuable for designing durable and safe concrete structures in high-temperature environments.