Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

3.4K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
3.4K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

5.5K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
5.5K
Minerals01:26

Minerals

524
Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
 
Major...
524
Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

120
Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
120
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

4.7K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
4.7K
Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

2.6K
Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Exposure and Ischemic Heart Disease: Emerging Evidence from the Literature.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Genetic Polymorphisms as Key Modulators of Cardiovascular Risk from Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals.

Genes·2026
Same author

Vascular Aging and Atherosclerosis: The Modulatory Impact of Selenium-A Comprehensive Review.

Cells·2026
Same author

Beyond Hormone Levels: Thyroid Hormone Signaling from Neurogenesis to Alzheimer's Disease.

Cells·2026
Same author

Genetic Polymorphisms as Modifiers of Health Risks from Exposure to Toxic Elements: A Traditional Literature Review.

Toxics·2026
Same author

Atherogenic Index of Plasma Relationship with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Frailty and Value as Determinant of Mortality in Elderly Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis.

Metabolites·2026
Same journal

RETRACTED: Atta et al. Effect of Montmorillonite Nanogel Composite Fillers on the Protection Performance of Epoxy Coatings on Steel Pipelines. <i>Molecules</i> 2017, <i>22</i>, 905.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correction: Chen et al. Chemical Composition of <i>Litsea pungens</i> Essential Oil and Its Potential Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities. <i>Molecules</i> 2023, <i>28</i>, 6835.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correction: Ruan et al. Comparison of Extraction, Isolation, Purification, Structural Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Two Species of <i>Cistanche</i>. <i>Molecules</i> 2025, <i>30</i>, 4754.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correction: Li et al. Gastrodin Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction in Vascular Dementia Rats by Suppressing Ferroptosis via the Regulation of the Nrf2/Keap1-GPx4 Signaling Pathway. <i>Molecules</i> 2022, <i>27</i>, 6311.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correction: Zueva et al. Steady-State Kinetics of Enzyme-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Echothiophate, a P-S Bonded Organophosphorus as Monitored by Spectrofluorimetry. <i>Molecules</i> 2020, <i>25</i>, 1371.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

1,4-Diazatriphenylene and Its Hetero-Fused Analogs: Synthesis and Applications.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.0K

Selenium: An Element of Life Essential for Thyroid Function.

Francesca Gorini1, Laura Sabatino1, Alessandro Pingitore1

  • 1Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selenium (Se) is vital for thyroid function and overall health, but deficiency and toxicity are common worldwide. Maintaining optimal Se levels requires careful consideration of diet and environmental factors to avoid adverse health effects.

Keywords:
COVID-19Se-proteinsdeiodinasesseleniumthyroid

More Related Videos

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.0K
Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

773

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.0K
Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.0K
Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

773

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element crucial for numerous physiological functions, including immune-endocrine regulation and cellular signaling.
  • The thyroid gland has a high concentration of Se, highlighting its critical role in thyroid hormone metabolism and function.
  • Selenium deficiency is a prevalent global health issue, posing risks due to its narrow safety margin between deficiency and toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the environmental and dietary factors influencing circulating selenium levels.
  • To examine the health effects associated with both selenium deficiency and excess.
  • To elucidate the role of selenium and selenoproteins in thyroid pathophysiology, including autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on selenium's environmental sources, dietary intake, and health implications.
  • Analysis of research on selenium's involvement in thyroid hormone metabolism and autoimmune thyroid conditions.
  • Synthesis of data regarding geographical variations in soil and food selenium content.

Main Results:

  • Environmental factors (soil concentration, climate) and food sources (nuts, cereals, meat, fish) significantly impact selenium levels.
  • Both selenium deficiency and excess can lead to adverse health outcomes, particularly affecting the thyroid.
  • Specific selenoproteins play crucial roles in protecting against and managing thyroid dysfunction, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal selenium status is essential for maintaining thyroid health and overall homeostasis.
  • Understanding dietary and environmental influences on selenium levels is key to preventing deficiency and toxicity.
  • Further research into selenium's role in thyroid pathophysiology can inform targeted supplementation and therapeutic strategies.