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Related Concept Videos

Thermodynamic Potentials01:26

Thermodynamic Potentials

1.0K
Thermodynamic potentials are state functions that are extremely useful in analyzing a thermodynamic system. They have dimensions of energy. The four important thermodynamic potentials are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. These thermodynamic potentials can be expressed using two of the following variables: pressure, volume, temperature, and entropy. These two variables are expressed as the rate of change of the thermodynamic potential with respect to other...
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Thermodynamic Systems01:06

Thermodynamic Systems

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A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of  tea boiling in a kettle. The...
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Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations01:23

Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations

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Maxwell's thermodynamic relations are very useful in solving problems in thermodynamics. Each of Maxwell's relations relates a partial differential between quantities that can be hard to measure experimentally to a partial differential between quantities that can be easily measured. These relations are a set of equations derivable from the symmetry of the second derivatives and the thermodynamic potentials.
All thermodynamic potentials are exact differentials. Therefore, their second-order...
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Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview

2.2K
Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in...
2.2K
Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

32.2K
Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Constant Pressure Calorimetry03:02

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

88.7K
Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Protein Purification-free Method of Binding Affinity Determination by Microscale Thermophoresis
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Protein Purification-free Method of Binding Affinity Determination by Microscale Thermophoresis

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ThermoSlope: A Software for Determining Thermodynamic Parameters from Single Steady-State Experiments.

Bjarte Aarmo Lund1, Bjørn Olav Brandsdal1

  • 1Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N9037 Tromsø, Norway.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new method simplifies enzyme catalysis temperature dependence studies. This approach requires less sample, labor, and time, making enzyme evolution research more accessible.

Keywords:
Arrhenius equationMichaelis–Menten kineticsenzyme kineticsthermodynamicstransition state theory

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Enzyme kinetics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Determining enzyme catalysis temperature dependence is traditionally time-consuming.
  • Classical Arrhenius parameter estimation requires extensive lab work.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a faster, more efficient method for estimating Arrhenius parameters.
  • To characterize enzyme temperature dependence with reduced resources.

Main Methods:

  • Fitting changes in enzyme velocity under gradual temperature shifts.
  • Utilizing a simulated dataset for initial validation.
  • Characterizing Bacillus pumilus LipA and three α-amylases.

Main Results:

  • The new approach is valid and efficient, requiring less sample, labor, and time.
  • Bacillus pumilus LipA was identified as psychrotolerant with an activation energy of 15.3 kcal/mol.
  • The method successfully differentiated between psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic α-amylases.

Conclusions:

  • This novel method simplifies the study of enzyme temperature dependence.
  • It facilitates understanding enzyme evolution in diverse environments.
  • Estimated thermodynamic parameters validate empirical valence bond calculations.