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Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
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Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

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Main Factors Involved in Thyroid Hormone Action

Lorena Tedeschi1, Cristina Vassalle2, Giorgio Iervasi1

  • 1Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56127 Pisa, Italy.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 10, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Thyroid hormones act through nuclear receptors and also via rapid non-genomic pathways. This review details thyroid hormone receptor functions in the nucleus and cytosol, including integrin signaling.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones (THs) exert diverse cellular effects, primarily mediated by nuclear receptors binding DNA to regulate gene expression.
  • Beyond genomic actions, THs also activate extranuclear signaling pathways, impacting cellular functions rapidly.
  • Understanding these dual mechanisms is crucial for comprehending THs' physiological roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and their associated factors.
  • To elucidate the distinct genomic and non-genomic functions of TRs.
  • To describe novel signaling pathways and cellular transport mechanisms involved in TH action.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Analysis of studies detailing TR genomic and cytosolic functions.
  • Examination of research on integrin αvβ3-mediated TH signaling.
  • Review of literature on TH transporters and TR nuclear-cytosolic shuttling.

Main Results:

  • TRs exhibit both nuclear genomic functions and extranuclear cytosolic roles.
  • Integrin αvβ3 mediates rapid, non-genomic TH signaling pathways.
  • Specific TH transporters facilitate cellular uptake of THs.
  • Proteins involved in TR shuttling between the nucleus and cytosol were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid hormone action is multifaceted, involving both classical genomic and rapid non-genomic pathways.
  • Integrin αvβ3 represents a key player in non-genomic TH signaling.
  • Cellular uptake and receptor localization are critical determinants of TH effects.
Keywords:
genomicintegrinnongenomicthyroid hormone receptorthyroid hormones

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