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Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
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Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...
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Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
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Metacognitive Beliefs and Suicidal Ideation: An Experience Sampling Study.

Vikki Aadahl1,2, Adrian Wells1,2, Robert Hallard1,2

  • 1Centre for New Treatments and Understanding in Mental Health (CeNTrUM), Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|December 10, 2021
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Metacognitive beliefs about suicidal ideation, both positive and negative, are linked to current suicidal thoughts. This highlights the importance of metacognitive treatments for suicide prevention.

Keywords:
S-REF modelcognitionmetacognitionself-harm

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Background:

  • Suicidal ideation is a complex phenomenon influenced by cognitive factors.
  • The Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model offers a framework for understanding cognitive processes in psychopathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between metacognitive beliefs and suicidal ideation.
  • To explore the applicability of the S-REF model to suicidal ideation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) for real-time data collection over six days.
  • Employed multi-level modeling to analyze trait and state-level data from 27 participants.
  • Assessed metacognitive beliefs, suicidal ideation, negative affect, defeat, hopelessness, and entrapment.

Main Results:

  • Both positive and negative metacognitive beliefs about suicidal ideation were significantly associated with concurrent suicidal ideation (β = 0.241, p < 0.001 and β = 0.167, p < 0.001, respectively).
  • These associations remained significant after controlling for known cognitive correlates of suicide.
  • The S-REF model demonstrated a significant contribution to understanding suicidal ideation.

Conclusions:

  • Metacognitive beliefs about suicidal ideation play a crucial role in the experience of suicidal thoughts.
  • Findings support the development of novel metacognitive therapies targeting beliefs about suicidal ideation.
  • Clinical assessment and treatment formulations for suicidal ideation should incorporate metacognitive strategies.