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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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The workability of concrete is a critical characteristic that influences the ease of mixing, handling, and finishing the concrete. It is affected by several factors including water content, aggregate properties, and admixtures like air entrainment. Water plays a fundamental role as it lubricates the concrete mix, facilitating easier movement and placement. However, the water requirement varies depending on the texture and shape of aggregates. Finer particles and angular, rough-textured...
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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Workability in the Ageing Workforce-A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Niels-Peter Brøchner Nygaard1,2, Gert Frank Thomsen3, Jesper Rasmussen4,5

  • 1Research Unit of Health Science, Hospital of South West Jutland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|December 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older workers experience reduced workability due to age, musculoskeletal pain, and ergonomic exposures. Preventive strategies targeting these factors are crucial for maintaining workforce participation.

Keywords:
agingergonomic exposuremusculoskeletal painwork demands

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Gerontology
  • Ergonomics

Background:

  • Investigating factors affecting workability in older workers.
  • Focus on the impact of age, pain, and workplace exposures.
  • Utilizing a population-based survey for comprehensive data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between age, musculoskeletal pain, and ergonomic exposure on workability.
  • To identify key factors influencing the work capacity of older employees.
  • To provide evidence for targeted workplace interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based cross-sectional survey of citizens born 1952-1966.
  • Analysis of questionnaire data from the working population (n=23,463).
  • Stereotype logistic regression to assess workability influenced by age, pain, and ergonomics.

Main Results:

  • A significant negative association was found between increasing age and workability.
  • Musculoskeletal pain (back, shoulder, knee/hip) and ergonomic exposures (standing, bending, lifting) negatively impacted workability.
  • Odds of poor workability increased significantly with age (60+ vs 50-55) and pain intensity.

Conclusions:

  • Age, musculoskeletal pain, and ergonomic exposures significantly reduce workability in older workers.
  • Preventive initiatives should target these identified risk factors.
  • Interventions are needed to support sustained work participation among aging workforces.