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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Operations Research

Background:

  • Future astronauts require self-scheduling capabilities for spaceflight.
  • Novice schedulers face challenges with complex spaceflight timeline constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how scheduling task complexity affects novice human performance.
  • To evaluate the impact of constraint number and type on scheduling efficiency, effectiveness, workload, and situation awareness.

Main Methods:

  • A within-subjects experiment was conducted with 15 participants.
  • Participants completed scheduling tasks with manipulated constraint complexity (number and type).
  • Performance metrics included scheduling efficiency, effectiveness, workload, and situation awareness.

Main Results:

  • Increased constraint numbers and specific constraint types significantly affected efficiency, effectiveness, and workload.
  • Interactions between constraint types and workload/situation awareness were observed.
  • Fewer constraints were more manageable for novice schedulers than unconstrained tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Novice scheduler performance declines with a high number of constraints.
  • Future scheduling aids should consider targeting specific constraint types.
  • Findings inform the design of astronaut self-scheduling systems and complex scheduling in other domains.