Cytotoxicity of bovine lymphocytes after treatment with lymphokines

Cytotoxic lymphocytes were generated from bovine peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes after in vitro stimulation with lymphokines that contained interleukin-2. Lymphokine-stimulated cultures were cytotoxic to K562 cells (human natural killer [NK] targets) and YAC-1 cells (mouse NK targets), but not to HSB-2 cells (human NK targets) in a 4-hour, 51Cr-release assay. Cells generated after lymphokine activation also mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to HSB-2 cells. Appearance of effector cells as a function of time in culture, method of stimulation, and cold target competition experiments strongly indicated that direct cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity may have been mediated by the same cell. Cells generated by similar conditions were able to mediate cytotoxicity against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus-infected target cells, especially in an 18-hour assay.