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Do We Swallow the Waste From Our Brain?

Joshua Leaston1, Praveen Kulkarni2, Codi Gharagouzloo1,2

  • 1Imaginostics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|December 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Large nanoparticle tracers injected into the rat brain rapidly exit via the nasal cavity and reach the gut. This suggests a significant nasal clearance pathway for brain-introduced nanoparticles.

Keywords:
brain clearanceferumoxytolnasal pharynxperivascular spacecansubarachnoid space

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Imaging

Background:

  • Understanding nanoparticle transport within the brain is crucial for drug delivery and diagnostics.
  • Previous studies on brain tracer clearance have reported incomplete accounting of administered substances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the movement and clearance pathways of large nanoparticles from the brain.
  • To determine if nanoparticles injected into the brain utilize nasal pathways for elimination.

Main Methods:

  • Ferumoxytol (iron oxide nanoparticle) infusion into rat lateral cerebroventricles.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to track nanoparticle distribution.
  • Fluorescent quantum dot infusion and microscopy to confirm findings.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles were rapidly observed in the subarachnoid space, nasal cavity, and pharynx within minutes of infusion.
  • Fluorescent nanoparticles were detected in the esophagus within 15 minutes.
  • Large nanoparticle tracers (approx. 20 nm) were shown to exit the brain via the nasal cavity and enter the gastrointestinal tract.

Conclusions:

  • The nasal cavity serves as a significant clearance pathway for nanoparticles introduced into the brain.
  • A substantial portion of brain-injected nanoparticles may be cleared through the naso-gastrointestinal route, explaining previously unaccounted tracer amounts.