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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Preterm nutrition and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Alyson Margaret Skinner1, Hassib Narchi2

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Manor Hospital, Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust, Walsall WS2 9PS, West Midlands, United Kingdom.

World Journal of Methodology
|December 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Optimal nutrition is crucial for preterm infant growth and neurodevelopment. Early nutritional interventions, including human breast milk, support brain development and prevent complications, improving long-term outcomes.

Keywords:
BrainBreast milkNeurodevelopmental outcomesNewbornNutritionPreterm infants

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Nutritional Science
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Preterm infant survival rates are improving due to advances in perinatal and neonatal medicine.
  • However, survivors often exhibit suboptimal growth compared to intrauterine standards, attributed to increased energy demands and inadequate nutrition in the intensive care setting.
  • Nutrition plays a critical role in preterm infant brain development, a metabolically active organ crucial for long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the direct impact of nutrition on neurodevelopment in preterm infants.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely nutritional interventions.
  • To discuss nutritional requirements, interventions, supplements, and the role of human milk in supporting neurodevelopment and preventing complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the role of nutrition in preterm infant neurodevelopment.
  • Discussion of nutritional requirements, general interventions, specific nutrients, and supplements.
  • Examination of the impact of human breast milk, fortifiers, and human milk oligosaccharides.
  • Analysis of nutrition's role in preventing neonatal complications affecting neurodevelopment.

Main Results:

  • Weight gain, linear growth, and head circumference are key indicators of nutritional status and are linked to neurodevelopment.
  • Brain development is influenced by nutrient intake and the interaction with growth factors, which are dependent on adequate nutrition and health.
  • Conditions like sepsis and chronic lung disease can impair nutrient distribution, affecting growth factor synthesis and neurodevelopment.

Conclusions:

  • Early and adequate nutrition is essential for optimizing preterm infant growth and neurodevelopment.
  • Human breast milk, fortified or supplemented, plays a vital role.
  • Nutritional strategies are critical for preventing complications that negatively impact long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.