Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model01:14

Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model

2.6K
The single-compartment model serves as a simplified representation of the human body. This model assumes that the body functions as a single, well-mixed open compartment. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the body and quickly distributes uniformly. The drug then undergoes biotransformation and elimination, ultimately leaving the body. The volume of this compartment is referred to as the apparent volume of distribution into which the drug can uniformly distribute. In this...
2.6K
Mechanistic Models: Overview of Compartment Models01:21

Mechanistic Models: Overview of Compartment Models

195
Mechanistic models, a category encompassing both physiological and compartmental modeling, differ from empirical models' approaches to incorporating known factors about the systems being modeled. Empirical models describe data with minimal assumptions, while mechanistic models aim to provide a robust description of available data by specifying assumptions and integrating known factors about the system. Compartmental analysis is a key example of a mechanistic model in pharmacokinetics and...
195
Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion01:26

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

170
Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
170
One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation

790
This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
On...
790
Typical Model Studies01:30

Typical Model Studies

478
Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
478
Clearance Models: Compartment Models01:25

Clearance Models: Compartment Models

150
Clearance measures drug elimination from the central compartment, including plasma and highly perfused organs like kidneys and liver. Its calculation varies depending on pharmacokinetic models and administration routes. The one-compartment model, for instance, portrays the pharmacokinetics of polar drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics administered intravenously and readily excreted in urine. In this case, clearance is influenced by the terminal rate constant (λz) and the total volume...
150

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Gene overexpression reduces inhibitory metabolites to enhance CHO cell growth and IgG1 production.

NPJ systems biology and applications·2026
Same author

Neighborhood Socioeconomics and Lung Cancer Recurrence and Progression.

Clinical lung cancer·2026
Same author

Preserving limbs and lives: the role of cellular, acellular, and matrix-like products in diabetic foot ulcer care.

Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice·2026
Same author

Intracellular Measurement-Informed Multiscale Modeling for Scalable iPSC Manufacturing.

ArXiv·2026
Same author

Early-life neighborhood resources and later-life cognitive function.

Environmental research·2026
Same author

Optical Fiber pH and Dissolved Oxygen Sensors for Bioreactor Monitoring: A Review.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Repurposing Non-oncologic Drugs via Targeted Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms, Synergistic Combinations, and Clinical Translation.

AAPS PharmSciTech·2026
Same journal

Targeting Permeability Barriers By Strategic Selection of Thiol Containing Coformer for Novel Cocrystals of Metformin.

AAPS PharmSciTech·2026
Same journal

Plume Geometry Matters: Investigating the Contribution of Mass-Based Plume Geometry to Aerosol Delivery Efficiency in pMDIs.

AAPS PharmSciTech·2026
Same journal

Eigenrate-Based Thermodynamic Decomposition of Competing Release Mechanisms in Polymeric Nano- and Microspheres: The MMIR-S Framework with Arrhenius Dual-Population Burst Kinetics and Log-Normal Polydispersity Averaging.

AAPS PharmSciTech·2026
Same journal

Charge-Interaction-Mediated Adsorption of Human Growth Hormone on Polymeric Nanoparticles.

AAPS PharmSciTech·2026
Same journal

Development and Characterization of Amorphous PVP K30-Phosphatidylcholine Dispersions for the Fixed-Dose Co-Delivery of Hesperetin and Cannabidiol Prepared by Hot-Melt Extrusion.

AAPS PharmSciTech·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Measuring the Densities of Aqueous Glasses at Cryogenic Temperatures
09:50

Measuring the Densities of Aqueous Glasses at Cryogenic Temperatures

Published on: June 28, 2017

8.8K

A Compact Model for Lyophilizer Equipment Capability Estimation.

Petr Kazarin1,2, William Kessler3, Emily Gong3

  • 1School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA. pkazarin@purdue.edu.

AAPS Pharmscitech
|December 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new compact model simplifies predicting pharmaceutical lyophilizer performance, reducing expensive experiments. This computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model accurately estimates equipment capability limits for lyophilization processes.

Keywords:
TDLAScompact modelequipment capabilityfreeze-drying

More Related Videos

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
10:42

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 10, 2016

18.3K
Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
11:20

Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology

Published on: January 24, 2018

16.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Measuring the Densities of Aqueous Glasses at Cryogenic Temperatures
09:50

Measuring the Densities of Aqueous Glasses at Cryogenic Temperatures

Published on: June 28, 2017

8.8K
Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
10:42

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 10, 2016

18.3K
Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
11:20

Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology

Published on: January 24, 2018

16.6K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Process Modeling

Background:

  • Equipment capability limit is crucial for defining lyophilization design space.
  • Experimental determination of capability limits is costly and time-consuming, especially at production scale.
  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) offers a high-resolution alternative for process insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a compact model for pharmaceutical lyophilizer equipment capability limits.
  • To provide an accessible alternative to full CFD modeling for end-users.
  • To validate the compact model against experimental data and full CFD simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CFD modeling to create a compact model for lyophilizer equipment capability.
  • Compared compact model simulations with full CFD simulations and experimental measurements (tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy).
  • Performed ice slab tests on laboratory and pilot-scale lyophilizers.

Main Results:

  • The compact model demonstrated an average deviation of within 10% from experimental data.
  • Full CFD simulations showed an average deviation of within 5% from experimental data.
  • Identified key lyophilizer parameters influencing the equipment capability curve.

Conclusions:

  • The developed compact model offers a practical and accurate tool for estimating lyophilizer equipment capability.
  • This model reduces the need for extensive experimental testing and complex CFD setups.
  • The compact model effectively captures the essential physics governing lyophilizer performance.