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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Olfactory processing
    • Brain connectivity

    Background:

    • Olfaction and emotions are processed in shared brain networks.
    • The dynamic modulation of cortico-cortical interactions by odor valence remains poorly understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how odor valence influences effective connectivity within olfactory-related brain networks.
    • To explore the causal interactions between the pyriform cortex (PC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and entorhinal cortex (EC) based on odor valence.

    Main Methods:

    • Electroencephalographic (EEG) data were recorded from healthy subjects during a passive odor perception task.
    • Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) and the parametric empirical bayes (PEB) framework were used to analyze effective connectivity.
    • A fully-connected network model including PC, OFC, and EC was employed.

    Main Results:

    • Both pleasant and unpleasant odors induced an inhibitory effect on the connection from the entorhinal cortex (EC) to the pyriform cortex (PC).
    • Neutral odors did not show a significant effect on this specific connection.
    • Positive valence odors exhibited a stronger modulatory influence on connectivity dynamics compared to negative valence odors.

    Conclusions:

    • Odor valence significantly modulates effective brain connectivity within olfactory processing networks.
    • The findings suggest distinct roles for EC-PC pathways in processing emotional aspects of smell.
    • This preliminary study highlights the intricate relationship between olfactory perception, emotion, and neural communication.