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Related Concept Videos

Operons02:09

Operons

50.7K
Prokaryotes can control gene expression through operons—DNA sequences consisting of regulatory elements and clustered, functionally related protein-coding genes. Operons use a single promoter sequence to initiate transcription of a gene cluster (i.e., a group of structural genes) into a single mRNA molecule. The terminator sequence ends transcription. An operator sequence, located between the promoter and structural genes, prohibits the operon’s transcriptional activity if bound by...
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Operon Model01:23

Operon Model

363
The operon model represents a fundamental mechanism of gene regulation in prokaryotes, enabling coordinated expression of genes involved in related metabolic or functional pathways. Operons consist of structural genes, a promoter, and an operator, with transcription regulated by repressors, activators, and small effector molecules.Structure and Function of OperonsAn operon is a cluster of structural genes transcribed together under the control of a single promoter. The promoter region...
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Inducible Operons: lac Operon01:25

Inducible Operons: lac Operon

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The lac operon in Escherichia coli is a model for understanding inducible gene regulation and metabolic flexibility. It integrates local control by lactose and global regulation through catabolite repression, enabling E. coli to preferentially metabolize glucose when available and switch to lactose utilization when glucose is scarce.Structure and Function of the lac OperonThe lac operon contains three structural genes: lacZ (β-galactosidase), lacY (lactose permease), and lacA...
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Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

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The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
22.5K
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

12.1K
Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
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Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

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Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
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In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression
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Modeling Gene Expression: Lac operon.

Sarai Velazco, Delina Kambo, Kevin Yu

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |December 11, 2021
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study models bacterial gene regulation using the Lac operon. Mathematical analysis shows PD control enhances system stability for applications in protein production and gene therapy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Biotechnology
    • Systems Biology

    Background:

    • Gene regulation is crucial for cellular development and function.
    • Bacterial inducible systems, such as the Lac operon, control gene expression and metabolism.
    • Understanding gene expression dynamics is key for biotechnological applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To construct a mathematical model of the Lac operon regulation, focusing on Lac repressor activity.
    • To analyze the impact of proportional-derivative (PD) control on system stability.
    • To highlight the importance of modeling gene expression for recombinant protein production and gene therapy.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a mathematical model for Lac operon gene regulation.
    • Focus on the regulatory role of the Lac repressor.
    • Inclusion of proportional-derivative (PD) control to assess system stability.

    Main Results:

    • The model accurately predicts lactose concentration decrease and glucose concentration increase due to beta-galactosidase activity.
    • PD control significantly improves system stability, increasing the phase margin from 45° to 90°.
    • The study demonstrates the effectiveness of mathematical modeling in understanding inducible operon dynamics.

    Conclusions:

    • Mathematical modeling provides insights into gene expression dynamics within inducible systems like the Lac operon.
    • PD control is an effective strategy for enhancing the stability of gene regulatory systems.
    • Accurate modeling of gene expression is vital for advancing applications in recombinant protein synthesis and gene therapy.