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Geometry Factor Determination for Tetrapolar Impedance Sensor Probes.

Carina Veil, Raphael Bach, Peter Somers

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

|December 11, 2021

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This study developed novel impedance sensors for bladder cancer detection. The square electrode configuration offers a promising, miniaturized solution for intra-operative tissue differentiation to reduce cancer recurrence.

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Electrical Impedance Tomography
Surgical Technology

Background:

Cancer recurrence after bladder tumor resection remains a significant clinical challenge.
Accurate intra-operative tissue differentiation is crucial for complete tumor removal and reducing recurrence risk.
Electrical properties of cancerous tissue differ from healthy tissue due to physiological changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and validate sensor configurations for measuring tissue impedance for bladder cancer diagnostics.
To derive and verify analytical expressions for sensor geometry factors.
To assess the suitability of different sensor designs for minimally invasive applications.

Main Methods:

Developed and analyzed three four-terminal sensor configurations with distinct electrode arrangements (inline and square).

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Derived analytical expressions for sensor geometry factors using Laplace's equation.

Verified analytical results through finite element simulations and experimental measurements on pig bladders.

Main Results:

Calculated and simulated geometry factors showed excellent agreement, validating the analytical methods.
Experimental conductivity measurements on pig bladders correlated with established data, confirming sensor accuracy.
The square electrode configuration demonstrated reliable data acquisition and suitability for miniaturization.

Conclusions:

Analytical and simulation methods provide efficient and uncomplicated ways to determine sensor geometry factors.
The square electrode configuration is a viable option for developing minimally invasive sensors for transurethral bladder cancer diagnostics and surgery.
This sensor technology has the potential to improve surgical outcomes by enabling real-time tissue differentiation.