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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

1.4K
When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
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Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

1.7K
An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a low-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.
To...
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UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

1.5K
When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
The UV–Vis spectrum of a molecule is the plot of its absorbance versus wavelength. The plot is drawn by taking molar...
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Mass Spectrum01:23

Mass Spectrum

2.8K
A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the elementary charge it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal...
2.8K
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

2.7K
When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
2.7K
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

7.5K
Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent...
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Inert to bioactive - A multidimensional spectrum.

Brian W Darvell1, Anthony J Smith2

  • 1Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, UK.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
|December 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study classifies biomaterials based on their interactions with biological systems. Bioactivity is defined as modulating natural biological processes, excluding pharmaceutical effects, for clearer research and development.

Keywords:
BioactivityDental materialsImplants

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Science
  • Biocompatibility Research

Background:

  • Materials interacting with living systems require precise terminology for their behavior.
  • Existing classifications lack clarity, hindering consistent research and development.
  • Understanding biological and chemical reactions is crucial for material characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify terminology for materials in contact with living tissues.
  • To classify material behaviors based on biological and chemical interactions.
  • To define 'bioactivity' within the context of biomaterial science.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewed biological and chemical reactions of materials in living systems.
  • Developed a classification system for material behaviors.
  • Identified diagnostic characteristics for different material behaviors.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct types of material behaviors with clear diagnostic characteristics.
  • Established a classification system for biomaterials based on their exhibited behaviors.
  • Defined 'bioactivity' as the modulation of natural biological processes, excluding pharmaceutical actions.

Conclusions:

  • A clear classification of biomaterial behaviors is achievable.
  • The proposed classification aids in interpreting scientific literature and designing experiments.
  • Standardized characterization and labeling of biomaterials will advance future research.