Tribo-electrochemistry induced artificial solid electrolyte interface by self-catalysis

Potassium (K) metal is a promising alkali metal anode for its high abundance. However, dendrite on K anode is a serious problem which is even worse than Li. Artificial SEI (ASEI) is one of effective routes for suppressing dendrite. However, there are still some issues of the ASEI made by the traditional methods, e.g. weak adhesion, insufficient/uneven reaction, which deeply affects the ionic diffusion kinetics and the effect of inhibiting dendrites. Herein, through a unique self-catalysis tribo-electrochemistry reaction, a continuous and compact protective layer is successfully constructed on K metal anode in seconds. Such a continuous and compact protective layer can not only improve the K⁺ diffusion kinetics, but also strongly suppress K dendrite formation by its hard mechanical properties derived from rigid carbon system, as well as the improved K⁺ conductivity and lowered electronic conductivity from the amorphous KF. As a result, the potassium symmetric cells exhibit stable cycles last more than 1000 h, which is almost 500 times that of pristine K.