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Experimental perilymphatic fistula.

Y Nomura, M Hara

    American Journal of Otolaryngology
    |July 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Creating a perilymphatic fistula in guinea pigs caused cochlear and vestibular changes, including hydrops and collapse. Outer hair cell loss and organ of Corti compression were observed, indicating damage from the induced fistula.

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    Area of Science:

    • Otorhinolaryngology
    • Neuroscience
    • Experimental Pathology

    Background:

    • Perilymphatic fistula (PLF) is a potential cause of sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo.
    • Understanding the pathological changes associated with PLF is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the histopathological effects of experimentally induced perilymphatic fistula in guinea pigs.
    • To characterize the immediate and delayed changes in the cochlea and vestibular labyrinth following PLF creation.

    Main Methods:

    • Perilymphatic fistula was created in guinea pigs by injecting artificial perilymph into the posterior fossa subarachnoid space, rupturing the round window membrane.
    • Animals were either immediately fixed or observed for 1-3 months before histological analysis using celloidin embedding and serial sectioning.

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  • Histopathological changes in the cochlea and vestibular apparatus were assessed under a surgical microscope.

    • Main Results:

    • Immediate observations showed cochlear hydrops (9/36), collapse (7/36), or no change (20/36). Vestibular changes included collapse of the membranous labyrinth.
    • Delayed observations (1-3 months) revealed 16 normal cochleas and 4 collapses, with no hydrops. Vestibular apparatus showed normal findings (9/20), collapse (9/20), or saccule hydrops (2/20).
    • Outer hair cell loss occurred in 5/20 cochleas, and marked compression of the organ of Corti was evident in both immediate and delayed groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Experimental induction of perilymphatic fistula in guinea pigs leads to significant histopathological alterations in the cochlea and vestibular system.
    • These changes include cochlear hydrops, collapse, organ of Corti compression, and outer hair cell loss, highlighting the detrimental effects of PLF.
    • The findings underscore the importance of the round window integrity and provide insights into the pathophysiology of hearing and balance disorders associated with perilymphatic fistulas.