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Updated: Oct 10, 2025
An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
Published on: August 13, 2019
Guideline No. 422e: Menopause and Cardiovascular Disease
Beth L Abramson1, Denise R Black2, Marie K Christakis1
1Toronto, ON.
Objective:
Provide strategies for improving the care of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women based on the most recent published evidence.
Target Population:
Perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Benefits, Harms, And Costs:
Target population will benefit from the most recent published scientific evidence provided via the information from their health care provider. No harms or costs are involved with this information since women will have the opportunity to choose among the different therapeutic options for the management of the symptoms and morbidities associated with menopause, including the option to choose no treatment.
Evidence:
Databases consulted were PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library for the years 2002-2020, and MeSH search terms were specific for each topic developed through the 7 chapters.
Validation Methods:
The authors rated the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. See online Appendix A (Tables A1 for definitions and A2 for interpretations of strong and weak recommendations). INTENDED AUDIENCE: physicians, including gynaecologists, obstetricians, family physicians, internists, emergency medicine specialists; nurses, including registered nurses and nurse practitioners; pharmacists; medical trainees, including medical students, residents, fellows; and other providers of health care for the target population.
Summary Statements:
RECOMMENDATIONS.
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