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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
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Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Microcrystal Electron Diffraction of Small Molecules
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Microcrystal Electron Diffraction of Small Molecules

Published on: March 15, 2021

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Microcrystal electron diffraction in macromolecular and pharmaceutical structure determination.

Max T B Clabbers1, Hongyi Xu1

  • 1Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

Drug Discovery Today. Technologies
|December 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) offers a powerful new method for determining molecular structures. This technique is advancing drug discovery and pharmaceutical development.

Keywords:
3DEDElectron crystallographyElectron diffractionFragment screeningLigand bindingMicroEDPharmaceuticalsStructural biology

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Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Pharmaceutical chemistry
  • Electron crystallography

Background:

  • Microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) is emerging as a key technique for molecular structure determination.
  • Understanding the unique properties of electrons is crucial for advancing diffraction experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in MicroED technology.
  • To illustrate the diverse applications of MicroED in various scientific fields.
  • To discuss the future potential of MicroED in synthetic chemistry and drug discovery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of latest developments in MicroED.
  • Illustration of MicroED applications through case studies.

Main Results:

  • MicroED is effective for macromolecular crystallography.
  • MicroED facilitates fragment screening and structure-guided drug discovery.
  • The technique shows significant promise in synthetic chemistry and pharmaceutical development.

Conclusions:

  • MicroED is a rapidly advancing technique with broad applicability.
  • Continued development in electron crystallography is expected.
  • MicroED is poised to open new avenues for drug discovery and development.