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Epigenetics and first-episode psychosis: A systematic review
Laura Lockwood1, Brian Miller2, Nagy A Youssef3
1Family Service and Guidance Center, Topeka, KS, USA.
Psychiatry Research
|December 13, 2021
Summary
Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation changes, are evident in early psychosis. Further research is needed to confirm these findings in first-episode psychosis patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Schizophrenia poses a significant global health challenge.
- Early intervention and reduced duration of untreated psychosis improve clinical outcomes.
- Trauma history and substance use are recognized risk factors for psychosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review existing literature on epigenetic changes in first-episode psychosis.
- To identify potential research directions for understanding epigenetic modifications in early psychosis.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a systematic literature review from inception to October 3, 2021.
- Utilized MedLine/PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo databases.
- Employed keywords related to first-episode psychosis and various epigenetic modifications.
Main Results:
- Included seventeen studies investigating diverse genomic regions.
- Two studies indicated LINE-1 hypomethylation, while two others reported LINE-1 hypermethylation.
- Two studies found hypomethylation specifically at the GRIN2B promoter within LINE-1.
Conclusions:
- Evidence suggests epigenetic alterations in early psychosis, despite small sample sizes in reviewed studies.
- Further research is essential to establish definitive epigenetic correlations in first-episode psychosis.
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