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Updated: Oct 10, 2025

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Body Mass Index and Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults from Low- and Middle-Income

Lee Smith1, Jae Il Shin2, Hans Oh3

  • 1Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|December 13, 2021
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Body mass index (BMI) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) risk are linked, with age significantly influencing this relationship. Overweight and underweight individuals aged 65+ showed lower MCI risk, unlike younger adults.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The relationship between weight modification and future dementia risk is debated.
  • Age may be a significant factor influencing the association between weight and cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in middle-aged and older adults.
  • To analyze nationally representative data from six low- and middle-income countries.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cross-sectional data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE).
  • Defined MCI using National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria.
  • Categorized BMI into underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, analyzing associations with logistic regression and meta-analysis.

Main Results:

  • In adults aged 50-64, underweight, overweight, and obesity were associated with higher odds of MCI compared to normal weight.
  • In adults aged 65 and older, underweight and overweight were associated with lower odds of MCI.
  • Obesity in older adults (≥65 years) was not significantly associated with MCI.

Conclusions:

  • The association between BMI and MCI appears to be moderated by age.
  • Further longitudinal research is necessary to confirm these findings and inform policy recommendations.
Keywords:
Agedbody mass indexcognitive dysfunctionobesity

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