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Acute antibiotically induced neutropenia: A systematic review of case reports

Julian M Holz1, Alon V Chevtchenko1, Aleksandra Aitullina2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|December 13, 2021
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Antibiotic-induced neutropenia is a rare but serious side effect. Early detection and intervention, such as using growth factors, can improve patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Hematology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Antibiotics are frequently prescribed, but can cause rare side effects like acute neutropenia.
  • This study analyzes reported cases to understand the characteristics of antibiotic-induced neutropenia.

Observation:

  • A review of 83 cases revealed neutropenia onset after a median of 21 days of antibiotic treatment.
  • Vancomycin and ceftaroline were the most frequently implicated antibiotics.
  • Neutropenia resolved in a median of 6 days, with discontinuation or substitution of the antibiotic.

Findings:

  • Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) were found to shorten neutropenia duration and improve patient outcomes.
  • Discontinuation or substitution of the antibiotic occurred in over 89% of cases.
  • Death was rarely reported as a consequence of antibiotic-induced neutropenia.

Implications:

  • Regular blood count monitoring is recommended during antibiotic therapy, especially for long-term or high-dose regimens.
  • Understanding the risk factors and management strategies for antibiotic-induced neutropenia is crucial for clinicians.
  • Further research into the mechanisms and prevention of this rare side effect is warranted.
Keywords:
agranulocytosisantibioticsdrug-inducedneutropeniaside effect

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